Biology Major
Biology is the study of living organisms and the processes of life. It is a major within Natural Sciences & Math.
Biology is the study of living organisms and the processes that sustain life. Students in this major learn how cells function, how organisms grow and reproduce, how living things interact with their environments, and how life has evolved over time. The field asks questions like: How do bodies work? What causes diseases? How do species adapt? How do ecosystems stay balanced? To answer these questions, biology combines observation, experimentation, and analysis—students develop skills in laboratory techniques, data interpretation, and scientific reasoning.
Students drawn to biology often have curiosity about the natural world and interest in understanding how life operates at all scales, from molecules inside cells to entire ecosystems. The major typically begins with foundational courses covering basic chemistry, cell biology, and genetics that establish core principles. As students progress, they move toward more specialized areas of focus—such as ecology, physiology, or molecular biology—and engage in more hands-on lab work and independent research. This structure allows students to build a solid scientific foundation before pursuing topics aligned with their particular interests.
Typical coursework
Course requirements vary by school, but a Biology program commonly includes topics such as:
- Cell biology
- Genetics
- Ecology
- Evolution
- Physiology
- Molecular biology
Most programs also include general-education requirements and, in many fields, a capstone project, internship, or research experience.
Degree levels
Biology is commonly offered at these levels:
- Associate
- Bachelor's
- Master's
- Doctoral
Availability differs by institution, and program names can vary (for example, a Bachelor of Arts versus a Bachelor of Science track).
Common career directions
Graduates with a Biology background pursue a range of paths. Some roles related to this field of study include:
- Biologist
- Lab technician
- Research assistant
- Science educator
Many careers require additional steps beyond the major — such as a graduate degree, a license, or a certification — and many graduates work in fields unrelated to their major. What you study is one factor among many in where your career goes.
General career information is drawn from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook. Career paths vary widely by person, school, and region; this is not a list of guaranteed jobs or earnings.
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Find degree programs →Frequently asked questions
What is a Biology major?
Biology is the study of living organisms and the processes of life. It is part of natural sciences & math, and combines foundational coursework with more focused study as you advance.
What courses do Biology majors take?
Coursework varies by school, but commonly includes topics such as cell biology, genetics, ecology, evolution, and others, plus general-education requirements.
What can you do with a Biology major?
Graduates pursue a range of paths, including roles such as biologist, lab technician, research assistant. Many roles require additional steps such as a graduate degree, license, or certification. This is general information, not a guarantee of any job or salary.
What degree levels is Biology offered at?
It is commonly offered at the associate, bachelor's, master's, doctoral level, though availability varies by institution.