Microbiology Major
Microbiology is the study of microscopic organisms such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. It is a major within Natural Sciences & Math.
Microbiology is the study of organisms too small to see without a microscope, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microorganisms. Students in this major learn how these tiny life forms function, reproduce, interact with each other and their environments, and affect larger organisms—including humans. The field asks questions like how microorganisms cause disease, how they break down materials in nature, and how they can be identified and controlled. Students develop hands-on laboratory skills alongside theoretical knowledge, learning to culture organisms, conduct experiments, and interpret microscopic observations.
Students drawn to microbiology typically have strong interests in biology and a curiosity about processes invisible to the naked eye. The major usually begins with foundational courses in general biology and chemistry, establishing core concepts about cells and chemical reactions. As students progress, they move into more specialized microbiology courses that explore specific types of organisms and their characteristics, followed by advanced and applied coursework that connects microbiology to real-world problems. This structure allows students to build understanding gradually before focusing on particular areas of microbiology that interest them most.
Typical coursework
Course requirements vary by school, but a Microbiology program commonly includes topics such as:
- General microbiology
- Immunology
- Virology
- Microbial genetics
- Pathogenic microbiology
- Laboratory techniques
Most programs also include general-education requirements and, in many fields, a capstone project, internship, or research experience.
Degree levels
Microbiology is commonly offered at these levels:
- Bachelor's
- Master's
- Doctoral
Availability differs by institution, and program names can vary (for example, a Bachelor of Arts versus a Bachelor of Science track).
Common career directions
Graduates with a Microbiology background pursue a range of paths. Some roles related to this field of study include:
- Microbiologist
- Lab technician
- Quality control analyst
- Research assistant
Many careers require additional steps beyond the major — such as a graduate degree, a license, or a certification — and many graduates work in fields unrelated to their major. What you study is one factor among many in where your career goes.
General career information is drawn from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook. Career paths vary widely by person, school, and region; this is not a list of guaranteed jobs or earnings.
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Find degree programs →Frequently asked questions
What is a Microbiology major?
Microbiology is the study of microscopic organisms such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. It is part of natural sciences & math, and combines foundational coursework with more focused study as you advance.
What courses do Microbiology majors take?
Coursework varies by school, but commonly includes topics such as general microbiology, immunology, virology, microbial genetics, and others, plus general-education requirements.
What can you do with a Microbiology major?
Graduates pursue a range of paths, including roles such as microbiologist, lab technician, quality control analyst. Many roles require additional steps such as a graduate degree, license, or certification. This is general information, not a guarantee of any job or salary.
What degree levels is Microbiology offered at?
It is commonly offered at the bachelor's, master's, doctoral level, though availability varies by institution.