Physics Major
Physics is the study of matter, energy, and the fundamental forces of nature. It is a major within Natural Sciences & Math.
Physics is the study of matter, energy, and the fundamental forces that shape the natural world. It asks big questions: How do objects move? What is light? What happens inside an atom? What are the basic building blocks of reality? The major develops skills in observation, mathematical reasoning, and problem-solving by examining everything from everyday phenomena—why the sky is blue, how electricity works—to the behavior of particles and the structure of the universe.
Students drawn to physics typically enjoy abstract thinking, mathematics, and curiosity about how things work at a deep level. The major usually begins with broad foundational courses that establish core principles and mathematical tools, then progresses to more specialized upper-level courses where students explore particular areas in greater depth. Learning is built around a combination of lectures, laboratory work, and problem sets that reinforce both theoretical understanding and practical skills in measurement and data analysis.
Typical coursework
Course requirements vary by school, but a Physics program commonly includes topics such as:
- Classical mechanics
- Electricity and magnetism
- Thermodynamics
- Quantum mechanics
- Modern physics
- Mathematical methods
Most programs also include general-education requirements and, in many fields, a capstone project, internship, or research experience.
Degree levels
Physics is commonly offered at these levels:
- Bachelor's
- Master's
- Doctoral
Availability differs by institution, and program names can vary (for example, a Bachelor of Arts versus a Bachelor of Science track).
Common career directions
Graduates with a Physics background pursue a range of paths. Some roles related to this field of study include:
- Physicist
- Research scientist
- Data analyst
- Lab technician
Many careers require additional steps beyond the major — such as a graduate degree, a license, or a certification — and many graduates work in fields unrelated to their major. What you study is one factor among many in where your career goes.
General career information is drawn from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook. Career paths vary widely by person, school, and region; this is not a list of guaranteed jobs or earnings.
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Find degree programs →Frequently asked questions
What is a Physics major?
Physics is the study of matter, energy, and the fundamental forces of nature. It is part of natural sciences & math, and combines foundational coursework with more focused study as you advance.
What courses do Physics majors take?
Coursework varies by school, but commonly includes topics such as classical mechanics, electricity and magnetism, thermodynamics, quantum mechanics, and others, plus general-education requirements.
What can you do with a Physics major?
Graduates pursue a range of paths, including roles such as physicist, research scientist, data analyst. Many roles require additional steps such as a graduate degree, license, or certification. This is general information, not a guarantee of any job or salary.
What degree levels is Physics offered at?
It is commonly offered at the bachelor's, master's, doctoral level, though availability varies by institution.